(f) — The evidence base
Forced labour in supply chains: the data behind the risk.
The figures, indicators and regulations Libera scores against, with every source named: global estimates from the ILO and Walk Free, the eleven ILO indicators of forced labour, the laws now in force, and searchable country and sector risk profiles. For the reasoning behind the product rather than the data, read why Libera exists.
50 million
people living in modern slavery on any given day (2021)
ILO / Walk Free / IOM, Global Estimates of Modern Slavery, 202227.6 million
of them in situations of forced labour
ILO / Walk Free / IOM, Global Estimates of Modern Slavery, 2022US$236 bn
annual illegal profits generated from forced labour
ILO, Profits and Poverty: The economics of forced labour, 202486%
of forced labour is imposed in the private economy
ILO / Walk Free / IOM, Global Estimates of Modern Slavery, 2022Why we exist
Compliance is the door. Dignity is the room. The future is the roof.
Modern slavery is one of the fastest-growing human rights crises of our time. It is not a distant horror in hidden factories; it is a structural risk inside ordinary supply chains, and it is getting worse. Libera exists for two reasons that are really one: to reach the person whose passport has been taken, whose wages are withheld, whose movement is controlled — and to give the company on the other end of that chain the tools to see the signal and act before it becomes a scandal, a shipment block, or a tragedy.
We do not believe in choosing between human dignity and business survival. When a worker can speak safely and a company can listen clearly, both are protected. That is the white sheet: a new agreement that the next generation will not inherit an economy built on fear.
It is closer than you think
Forced labour is not only a problem in far-away factories. It sits in warehouses, farms, hotels, construction sites and staffing agencies that feed everyday supply chains.
It is growing, not fading
Global estimates have risen by ten million people in five years. Conflict, climate displacement and economic pressure are pushing more workers into exploitation — and more companies into unknowing complicity.
The law is catching up
CSDDD, the EU Forced Labour Regulation, UFLPA, the UK Modern Slavery Act and national laws now require companies to look, act and document — or face blocked imports and liability.
Workers are the best sensors
A recruitment fee, a withheld passport, a locked door — these signals rarely reach a boardroom. A confidential channel lets the people inside the chain speak without fear.
This is for the next generation
Libera exists so that tomorrow's supply chains are not built on today's silence. When companies and workers see the same truth early, we protect not only people now, but the standard of dignity the next generation will expect.
The ILO indicators
Eleven warning signs we screen against
Source: International Labour Organization. Libera scores suppliers against these indicators combined with country and sector risk data.
The rules are changing
Due diligence is no longer optional.
Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive
Requires in-scope companies to identify, prevent and mitigate adverse human rights impacts in their own operations and chains of activities.
Read the regulation →Forced Labour Regulation
Prohibits placing on the EU market products made with forced labour, with authorities empowered to investigate and order withdrawal.
Read the regulation →Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act
Creates a rebuttable presumption that goods linked to Xinjiang are made with forced labour and barred from import.
Read the regulation →Modern Slavery Act 2015, s.54
Requires larger businesses to publish an annual statement on steps taken to prevent modern slavery in their operations and supply chains.
Read the regulation →Lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetz
Obliges companies to run risk analyses, preventive measures and a complaints procedure across their supply chains.
Read the regulation →Transparency Act (Åpenhetsloven)
Requires due diligence on fundamental human rights and decent working conditions, plus a public account and a right to information.
Read the regulation →How the movement works
From silence to signal.
Libera is built around a simple idea: the people inside a supply chain see problems first. When they can report safely, and when companies can connect those reports to real risk data, prevention becomes possible.
See the chain
Map every supplier, site and labour provider in one place.
Hear the workers
Give people a safe, confidential channel to report warning signs.
Cluster the signals
Turn isolated reports into patterns that demand investigation.
Fix and document
Escalate, remediate and export an audit trail regulators can follow.
Country + sector insights
What the public data says, country by country
These are the same reference figures the Libera risk scan uses: prevalence and government response from the Global Slavery Index 2023, sectors listed by the US Department of Labor, and active import or sanctions measures. A country or sector appearing here is a reason to look closer — never an accusation against a specific company.
160 of 160 countries
North Korea104.6 / 1,000rank 1▾
Prevalence
104.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 1 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Very weak government response (-3%). Adds 15 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) not ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Textile & garments
- Mining & minerals
- Fishing & seafood
Import & sanctions measures
- US state-sponsored forced labour presumption
- UN & EU sanctions
Eritrea90.3 / 1,000rank 2▾
Prevalence
90.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 2 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Very weak government response (5%). Adds 15 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) not ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Mining & minerals
- Construction
- Agriculture
Import & sanctions measures
- National service forced labour findings (ILO CEACR)
Mauritania32.0 / 1,000rank 3▾
Prevalence
32.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 3 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (35%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Agriculture
- Domestic & facility services
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Saudi Arabia21.3 / 1,000rank 4▾
Prevalence
21.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 4 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (49%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Construction
- Domestic & facility services
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Türkiye15.6 / 1,000rank 5▾
Prevalence
15.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 5 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (49%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) not ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Agriculture
- Textile & garments
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Tajikistan14.0 / 1,000rank 6▾
Prevalence
14.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 6 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (36%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) not ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Agriculture
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
United Arab Emirates13.4 / 1,000rank 7▾
Prevalence
13.4 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 7 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (50%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Construction
- Domestic & facility services
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Afghanistan13.0 / 1,000rank 8▾
Prevalence
13.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 8 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
No published government response score. Adds 8 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) not ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Mining & minerals
- Construction
- Textile & garments
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Kuwait13.0 / 1,000rank 9▾
Prevalence
13.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 9 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (37%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Construction
- Domestic & facility services
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Russia13.0 / 1,000rank 10▾
Prevalence
13.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 10 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Very weak government response (24%). Adds 15 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) not ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Construction
- Mining & minerals
Import & sanctions measures
- Broad EU/US sanctions regime
Ukraine12.8 / 1,000rank 11▾
Prevalence
12.8 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 11 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (51%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
North Macedonia12.6 / 1,000rank 12▾
Prevalence
12.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 12 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (58%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Myanmar12.1 / 1,000rank 13▾
Prevalence
12.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 13 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (42%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) not ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Textile & garments
- Agriculture
- Mining & minerals
- Fishing & seafood
Import & sanctions measures
- EU & US sanctions
- ILO Article 33 measures
Turkmenistan11.9 / 1,000rank 14▾
Prevalence
11.9 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 14 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Very weak government response (26%). Adds 15 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) not ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Agriculture
- Textile & garments
Import & sanctions measures
- CBP Withhold Release Order — Turkmen cotton
Albania11.8 / 1,000rank 15▾
Prevalence
11.8 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 15 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (62%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Belarus11.3 / 1,000rank 16▾
Prevalence
11.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 16 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (47%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Kazakhstan11.1 / 1,000rank 17▾
Prevalence
11.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 17 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (46%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Azerbaijan10.6 / 1,000rank 18▾
Prevalence
10.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 18 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (59%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Pakistan10.6 / 1,000rank 19▾
Prevalence
10.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 19 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (37%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Textile & garments
- Construction
- Agriculture
- Mining & minerals
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Papua New Guinea10.3 / 1,000rank 20▾
Prevalence
10.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 20 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (31%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
South Sudan10.3 / 1,000rank 21▾
Prevalence
10.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 21 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
No published government response score. Adds 8 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Bosnia and Herzegovina10.1 / 1,000rank 22▾
Prevalence
10.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 22 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
No published government response score. Adds 8 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Jordan10.0 / 1,000rank 23▾
Prevalence
10.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 23 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (46%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Moldova9.5 / 1,000rank 24▾
Prevalence
9.5 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 24 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (47%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Venezuela9.5 / 1,000rank 25▾
Prevalence
9.5 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 25 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Very weak government response (27%). Adds 15 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Armenia8.9 / 1,000rank 26▾
Prevalence
8.9 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 26 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (54%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Kyrgyzstan8.7 / 1,000rank 27▾
Prevalence
8.7 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 27 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (47%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Syria8.7 / 1,000rank 28▾
Prevalence
8.7 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 28 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
No published government response score. Adds 8 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Bulgaria8.5 / 1,000rank 29▾
Prevalence
8.5 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 29 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (55%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Haiti8.2 / 1,000rank 30▾
Prevalence
8.2 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 30 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (37%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
El Salvador8.1 / 1,000rank 31▾
Prevalence
8.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 31 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (45%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Cyprus8.0 / 1,000rank 32▾
Prevalence
8.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 32 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (58%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
India8.0 / 1,000rank 33▾
Prevalence
8.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 33 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (46%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) not ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Textile & garments
- Agriculture
- Construction
- Mining & minerals
- Manufacturing & electronics
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Kosovo8.0 / 1,000rank 34▾
Prevalence
8.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 34 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (45%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Republic of the Congo8.0 / 1,000rank 35▾
Prevalence
8.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 35 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
No published government response score. Adds 8 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Colombia7.8 / 1,000rank 36▾
Prevalence
7.8 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 36 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (46%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Equatorial Guinea7.8 / 1,000rank 37▾
Prevalence
7.8 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 37 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Very weak government response (22%). Adds 15 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Georgia7.8 / 1,000rank 38▾
Prevalence
7.8 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 38 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (62%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Guatemala7.8 / 1,000rank 39▾
Prevalence
7.8 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 39 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (47%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Nigeria7.8 / 1,000rank 40▾
Prevalence
7.8 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 40 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (54%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Mining & minerals
- Agriculture
- Domestic & facility services
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Philippines7.8 / 1,000rank 41▾
Prevalence
7.8 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 41 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (59%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Fishing & seafood
- Agriculture
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Slovakia7.7 / 1,000rank 42▾
Prevalence
7.7 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 42 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (58%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Ecuador7.6 / 1,000rank 43▾
Prevalence
7.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 43 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (51%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Gabon7.6 / 1,000rank 44▾
Prevalence
7.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 44 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Very weak government response (24%). Adds 15 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Lebanon7.6 / 1,000rank 45▾
Prevalence
7.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 45 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (33%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Burundi7.5 / 1,000rank 46▾
Prevalence
7.5 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 46 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Very weak government response (29%). Adds 15 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Romania7.5 / 1,000rank 47▾
Prevalence
7.5 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 47 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (58%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Agriculture
- Construction
Import & sanctions measures
- EU Forced Labour Regulation scope
Uzbekistan7.4 / 1,000rank 48▾
Prevalence
7.4 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 48 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (46%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Côte d’Ivoire7.3 / 1,000rank 49▾
Prevalence
7.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 49 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (37%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Jamaica7.3 / 1,000rank 50▾
Prevalence
7.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 50 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (51%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Nicaragua7.3 / 1,000rank 51▾
Prevalence
7.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 51 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (36%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Bolivia7.2 / 1,000rank 52▾
Prevalence
7.2 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 52 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (47%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Bangladesh7.1 / 1,000rank 53▾
Prevalence
7.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 53 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (49%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Textile & garments
- Fishing & seafood
- Construction
- Agriculture
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Djibouti7.1 / 1,000rank 54▾
Prevalence
7.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 54 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (36%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Iran7.1 / 1,000rank 55▾
Prevalence
7.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 55 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Very weak government response (8%). Adds 15 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Peru7.1 / 1,000rank 56▾
Prevalence
7.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 56 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (55%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Honduras7.0 / 1,000rank 57▾
Prevalence
7.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 57 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (47%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Serbia7.0 / 1,000rank 58▾
Prevalence
7.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 58 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (56%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Libya6.8 / 1,000rank 59▾
Prevalence
6.8 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 59 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Very weak government response (10%). Adds 15 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Qatar6.8 / 1,000rank 60▾
Prevalence
6.8 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 60 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (49%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Bahrain6.7 / 1,000rank 61▾
Prevalence
6.7 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 61 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (55%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Indonesia6.7 / 1,000rank 62▾
Prevalence
6.7 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 62 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (50%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) not ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Fishing & seafood
- Agriculture
- Mining & minerals
Import & sanctions measures
- CBP Withhold Release Orders — distant-water fishing vessels
Dominican Republic6.6 / 1,000rank 63▾
Prevalence
6.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 63 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (46%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Hungary6.6 / 1,000rank 64▾
Prevalence
6.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 64 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (55%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Mexico6.6 / 1,000rank 65▾
Prevalence
6.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 65 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (55%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Agriculture
- Manufacturing & electronics
- Construction
Import & sanctions measures
- USMCA Rapid Response Labor Mechanism
Gambia6.5 / 1,000rank 66▾
Prevalence
6.5 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 66 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (36%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Oman6.5 / 1,000rank 67▾
Prevalence
6.5 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 67 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (38%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Sri Lanka6.5 / 1,000rank 68▾
Prevalence
6.5 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 68 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (49%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Greece6.4 / 1,000rank 69▾
Prevalence
6.4 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 69 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (62%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Paraguay6.4 / 1,000rank 70▾
Prevalence
6.4 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 70 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (49%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Ethiopia6.3 / 1,000rank 71▾
Prevalence
6.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 71 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (45%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) not ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Agriculture
- Textile & garments
- Domestic & facility services
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Malaysia6.3 / 1,000rank 72▾
Prevalence
6.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 72 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (45%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Manufacturing & electronics
- Agriculture
- Textile & garments
Import & sanctions measures
- CBP Withhold Release Orders — gloves, palm oil
Somalia6.2 / 1,000rank 73▾
Prevalence
6.2 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 73 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Very weak government response (18%). Adds 15 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Lithuania6.1 / 1,000rank 74▾
Prevalence
6.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 74 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (58%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Timor-Leste6.1 / 1,000rank 75▾
Prevalence
6.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 75 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (35%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Yemen6.0 / 1,000rank 76▾
Prevalence
6.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 76 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
No published government response score. Adds 8 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Chad5.9 / 1,000rank 77▾
Prevalence
5.9 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 77 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Very weak government response (24%). Adds 15 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Cameroon5.8 / 1,000rank 78▾
Prevalence
5.8 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 78 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (41%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Thailand5.7 / 1,000rank 79▾
Prevalence
5.7 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 79 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (55%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Fishing & seafood
- Agriculture
- Textile & garments
- Food processing
Import & sanctions measures
- Historic CBP Withhold Release Orders — seafood
Iraq5.5 / 1,000rank 80▾
Prevalence
5.5 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 80 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (33%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Poland5.5 / 1,000rank 81▾
Prevalence
5.5 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 81 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (55%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) not ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Agriculture
- Logistics & transport
- Construction
Import & sanctions measures
- EU Forced Labour Regulation scope
Cuba5.4 / 1,000rank 82▾
Prevalence
5.4 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 82 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (31%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Central African Republic5.2 / 1,000rank 83▾
Prevalence
5.2 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 83 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
No published government response score. Adds 8 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Croatia5.2 / 1,000rank 84▾
Prevalence
5.2 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 84 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (59%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Lao PDR5.2 / 1,000rank 85▾
Prevalence
5.2 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 85 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (46%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Mali5.2 / 1,000rank 86▾
Prevalence
5.2 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 86 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (31%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Zambia5.1 / 1,000rank 87▾
Prevalence
5.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 87 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (45%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Brazil5.0 / 1,000rank 88▾
Prevalence
5.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 88 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (51%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Agriculture
- Mining & minerals
- Textile & garments
- Construction
Import & sanctions measures
- National 'dirty list' (Lista Suja) of employers
Cambodia5.0 / 1,000rank 89▾
Prevalence
5.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 89 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (42%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Textile & garments
- Agriculture
- Construction
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Kenya5.0 / 1,000rank 90▾
Prevalence
5.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 90 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (46%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Zimbabwe5.0 / 1,000rank 91▾
Prevalence
5.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 91 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Very weak government response (27%). Adds 15 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Malawi4.9 / 1,000rank 92▾
Prevalence
4.9 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 92 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (38%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Panama4.7 / 1,000rank 93▾
Prevalence
4.7 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 93 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (51%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Trinidad and Tobago4.7 / 1,000rank 94▾
Prevalence
4.7 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 94 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (49%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Madagascar4.6 / 1,000rank 95▾
Prevalence
4.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 95 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (42%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Niger4.6 / 1,000rank 96▾
Prevalence
4.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 96 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (37%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Democratic Republic of the Congo4.5 / 1,000rank 97▾
Prevalence
4.5 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 97 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
No published government response score. Adds 8 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Guinea-Bissau4.5 / 1,000rank 98▾
Prevalence
4.5 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 98 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (33%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Slovenia4.4 / 1,000rank 99▾
Prevalence
4.4 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 99 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (56%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Egypt4.3 / 1,000rank 100▾
Prevalence
4.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 100 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (44%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Rwanda4.3 / 1,000rank 101▾
Prevalence
4.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 101 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (50%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Argentina4.2 / 1,000rank 102▾
Prevalence
4.2 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 102 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (58%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Czechia4.2 / 1,000rank 103▾
Prevalence
4.2 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 103 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (59%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Guyana4.2 / 1,000rank 104▾
Prevalence
4.2 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 104 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (51%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Uganda4.2 / 1,000rank 105▾
Prevalence
4.2 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 105 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (46%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Angola4.1 / 1,000rank 106▾
Prevalence
4.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 106 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (44%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Estonia4.1 / 1,000rank 107▾
Prevalence
4.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 107 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (56%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Viet Nam4.1 / 1,000rank 108▾
Prevalence
4.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 108 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (44%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Textile & garments
- Manufacturing & electronics
- Fishing & seafood
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
China4.0 / 1,000rank 109▾
Prevalence
4.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 109 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (40%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) not ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Textile & garments
- Manufacturing & electronics
- Agriculture
- Mining & minerals
- Fishing & seafood
Import & sanctions measures
- UFLPA rebuttable presumption (Xinjiang)
- UFLPA Entity List
Guinea4.0 / 1,000rank 110▾
Prevalence
4.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 110 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (36%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Mongolia4.0 / 1,000rank 111▾
Prevalence
4.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 111 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (50%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Sudan4.0 / 1,000rank 112▾
Prevalence
4.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 112 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Very weak government response (26%). Adds 15 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Israel3.8 / 1,000rank 113▾
Prevalence
3.8 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 113 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (45%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Portugal3.8 / 1,000rank 114▾
Prevalence
3.8 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 114 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (67%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Burkina Faso3.7 / 1,000rank 115▾
Prevalence
3.7 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 115 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (36%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Eswatini3.6 / 1,000rank 116▾
Prevalence
3.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 116 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (36%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
South Korea3.5 / 1,000rank 117▾
Prevalence
3.5 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 117 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Very weak government response (29%). Adds 15 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Latvia3.4 / 1,000rank 118▾
Prevalence
3.4 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 118 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (59%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Sierra Leone3.4 / 1,000rank 119▾
Prevalence
3.4 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 119 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (33%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Italy3.3 / 1,000rank 120▾
Prevalence
3.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 120 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (59%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Agriculture
- Textile & garments
Import & sanctions measures
- EU Forced Labour Regulation scope
Nepal3.3 / 1,000rank 121▾
Prevalence
3.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 121 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (45%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Togo3.3 / 1,000rank 122▾
Prevalence
3.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 122 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (33%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
United States3.3 / 1,000rank 123▾
Prevalence
3.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 123 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (67%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) not ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Agriculture
Import & sanctions measures
- UFLPA import enforcement
- Tariff Act §307
Chile3.2 / 1,000rank 124▾
Prevalence
3.2 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 124 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (55%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Costa Rica3.2 / 1,000rank 125▾
Prevalence
3.2 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 125 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (51%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Liberia3.1 / 1,000rank 126▾
Prevalence
3.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 126 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (41%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Benin3.0 / 1,000rank 127▾
Prevalence
3.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 127 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (40%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Mozambique3.0 / 1,000rank 128▾
Prevalence
3.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 128 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (45%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Ghana2.9 / 1,000rank 129▾
Prevalence
2.9 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 129 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (45%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Senegal2.9 / 1,000rank 130▾
Prevalence
2.9 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 130 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (40%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Tanzania2.9 / 1,000rank 131▾
Prevalence
2.9 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 131 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (42%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Hong Kong2.8 / 1,000rank 132▾
Prevalence
2.8 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 132 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (32%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
South Africa2.7 / 1,000rank 133▾
Prevalence
2.7 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 133 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (53%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Namibia2.4 / 1,000rank 134▾
Prevalence
2.4 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 134 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (44%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Morocco2.3 / 1,000rank 135▾
Prevalence
2.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 135 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (40%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Spain2.3 / 1,000rank 136▾
Prevalence
2.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 136 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (63%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
- Agriculture
- Hospitality
Import & sanctions measures
- EU Forced Labour Regulation scope
Tunisia2.3 / 1,000rank 137▾
Prevalence
2.3 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 137 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (47%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
France2.1 / 1,000rank 138▾
Prevalence
2.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 138 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (62%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
- Devoir de vigilance
- EU Forced Labour Regulation scope
Singapore2.1 / 1,000rank 139▾
Prevalence
2.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 139 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (47%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Algeria1.9 / 1,000rank 140▾
Prevalence
1.9 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 140 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (36%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Austria1.9 / 1,000rank 141▾
Prevalence
1.9 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 141 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (62%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Uruguay1.9 / 1,000rank 142▾
Prevalence
1.9 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 142 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (56%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Botswana1.8 / 1,000rank 143▾
Prevalence
1.8 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 143 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (42%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Canada1.8 / 1,000rank 144▾
Prevalence
1.8 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 144 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (60%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
United Kingdom1.8 / 1,000rank 145▾
Prevalence
1.8 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 145 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (68%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
- Modern Slavery Act 2015 s.54 reporting
Taiwan1.7 / 1,000rank 146▾
Prevalence
1.7 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 146 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (47%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Australia1.6 / 1,000rank 147▾
Prevalence
1.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 147 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (67%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Lesotho1.6 / 1,000rank 148▾
Prevalence
1.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 148 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (40%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
New Zealand1.6 / 1,000rank 149▾
Prevalence
1.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 149 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (54%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Mauritius1.5 / 1,000rank 150▾
Prevalence
1.5 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 150 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (36%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Finland1.4 / 1,000rank 151▾
Prevalence
1.4 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 151 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (60%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Ireland1.1 / 1,000rank 152▾
Prevalence
1.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 152 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (63%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Japan1.1 / 1,000rank 153▾
Prevalence
1.1 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 153 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Weak government response (44%). Adds 10 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Belgium1.0 / 1,000rank 154▾
Prevalence
1.0 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 154 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (59%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
- EU Forced Labour Regulation scope
Denmark0.6 / 1,000rank 155▾
Prevalence
0.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 155 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (62%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Germany0.6 / 1,000rank 156▾
Prevalence
0.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 156 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (62%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
- LkSG supply chain due diligence
- EU Forced Labour Regulation scope
Netherlands0.6 / 1,000rank 157▾
Prevalence
0.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 157 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (67%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
- EU Forced Labour Regulation scope
- CSDDD transposition
Sweden0.6 / 1,000rank 158▾
Prevalence
0.6 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 158 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (63%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Norway0.5 / 1,000rank 159▾
Prevalence
0.5 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 159 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Strong government response (63%). Adds 0 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
- Transparency Act (Åpenhetsloven)
Switzerland0.5 / 1,000rank 160▾
Prevalence
0.5 people in modern slavery per 1,000 population — rank 160 of 160 (Global Slavery Index 2023).
State response
Moderate government response (50%). Adds 5 points to the country factor in our score. ILO Forced Labour Protocol (P029) ratified.
Sectors listed by US DOL
No goods from this country are on the current TVPRA list.
Import & sanctions measures
No forced-labour import measure recorded in our reference set.
Sector exposure
Domestic & facility services92/100▾
ILO: domestic work is one of the largest forced-labour sectors; isolated, often unregulated workplaces
Agriculture90/100▾
ILO: agriculture is a top forced-labour sector; most TVPRA-listed goods are agricultural
Fishing & seafood88/100▾
ILO/DOL: distant-water fishing combines isolation, debt bondage and document retention
Textile & garments86/100▾
DOL TVPRA: garments, cotton and footwear listed for many sourcing countries
Construction84/100▾
ILO: construction shows high forced-labour incidence via recruitment fees and migrant labour
Mining & minerals82/100▾
DOL TVPRA: extensive listings for ores, stones, gold and coal
Food processing70/100▾
ILO: meat and seafood processing rely on migrant labour supplied by intermediaries
Manufacturing & electronics66/100▾
ILO: manufacturing is a major share of private-economy forced labour; UFLPA exposure in electronics
Hospitality62/100▾
ILO/UNODC: hotels and cleaning contracts depend on subcontracted, often migrant workers
Logistics & transport58/100▾
ILO: warehousing and road transport use layered agency labour across borders
Care & health46/100▾
Growing recruitment-fee and visa-tying cases among internationally recruited care workers
Retail38/100▾
Lower direct incidence; risk sits upstream in supply, cleaning and security contracts
Country risk profiles
Detailed profiles for major sourcing countries.
Each profile sets out estimated prevalence, government response, listed sectors and recorded import measures from the same dataset the risk score uses. Structural risk never means forced labour has occurred at a particular supplier.
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